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Advanced Genetics



Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

1. 

Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics?
a.
traits
b.
offspring
c.
generations
d.
hybrids
 

2. 

Factors that control traits are called
a.
genes.
b.
purebreds.
c.
recessives.
d.
parents.
 

3. 

What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?
a.
two dominant alleles
b.
two recessive alleles
c.
at least one dominant allele
d.
one dominant and one recessive allelle
 

4. 

What does the notation tt mean to geneticists?
a.
two dominant alleles
b.
two recessive alleles
c.
at least one dominant allele
d.
one dominant and one recessive allelle
 

5. 

What did Mendel predict was the probability of producing a tall plant from a genetic cross of two hybrid tall plants?
a.
one in four
b.
two in four
c.
three in four
d.
four in four
 

6. 

If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?
a.
25 percent
b.
50 percent
c.
75 percent
d.
100 percent
 

7. 

An organism's physical appearance is its
a.
genotype
b.
phenotype
c.
codominance
d.
heterozygous
 

8. 

A heterozygous organism has
a.
three different alleles for a trait.
b.
two identical alleles for a trait.
c.
only one allele for a trait.
d.
two different alleles for a trait.
 

9. 

What is the genetic code?
a.
the order of nitrogen bases along a gene
b.
the number of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule
c.
the order of amino acids in a protein
d.
the number of guanine and cytosine bases in a chromosome
 

10. 

Where does protein synthesis take place?
a.
in the ribosomes in the nucleus of the cell
b.
on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
c.
in the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell
d.
on the chromosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
 

11. 

What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis?
a.
copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm
b.
copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the nucleus
c.
carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein
d.
copies the coded message from the protein and carries it into the nucleus
 

12. 

What do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis?
a.
copy the coded message from the protein and carry it into the nucleus
b.
copy the coded message from the DNA and carry it into the nucleus
c.
carry amino acids and add them to the growing protein
d.
copy the coded message from the DNA and carry it into the cytoplasm
 

13. 

Which nitrogen base in RNA is NOT part of DNA?
a.
adenine
b.
guanine
c.
cytosine
d.
uracil
 

14. 

Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being?
a.
XX
b.
YY
c.
XY
d.
either XX or YY
 

15. 

Which form of selective breeding crosses genetically different individuals in an attempt to keep the best traits of both parents?
a.
genetic engineering
b.
inbreeding
c.
hybridization
d.
cloning
 

16. 

Which form of selective breeding crosses parents with the same or similar sets of alleles?
a.
fertilization
b.
inbreeding
c.
hybridization
d.
cloning
 

17. 

Cloning results in two organisms that are
a.
both adult mammals.
b.
produced from cuttings.
c.
genetically similar.
d.
genetically identical.
 

18. 

No two people have the same DNA, except for
a.
crime suspects.
b.
brothers.
c.
sisters.
d.
identical twins.
 

19. 

How do police use DNA fingerprinting to help solve crimes?
a.
by proving that a suspect's blood type matches evidence in a crime
b.
by showing that a suspect's fingerprints are at a crime scene
c.
by comparing a suspect's DNA patterns with evidence from a crime scene
d.
by matching phenotypes of suspects with DNA samples
 

20. 

What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project?
a.
to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome
b.
to clone every gene on a single chromosome in human DNA
c.
to splice every gene on a single chromosome in human DNA
d.
to inbreed the best genes on every chromosome in human DNA
 

21. 

What is a genome?
a.
all the cells produced during meiosis
b.
all the plasmids from splicing DNA in a cell
c.
all the DNA in one cell of an organism
d.
all the karyotypes in a cell
 



 
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