Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
of the following is a biotic factor in the prairie ecosystem? a. | water | b. | sunlight | c. | soil | d. | grass | | |
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2.
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The
nonliving parts of an ecosystem are called a. | populations. | b. | organisms. | c. | biotic factors. | d. | abiotic
factors. | | |
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3.
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The
struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources is called a. | competition. | b. | predation. | c. | symbiosis. | d. | parasitism. | | |
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4.
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By
hunting at different times of day, the hawk and owl are able to reduce a. | predation. | b. | competition. | c. | adaptation. | d. | parasitism. | | |
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5.
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Which
of the following describes an interaction in which one organism kills and eats
another? a. | competition | b. | symbiosis | c. | predation | d. | mutualism | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following is an example of a predator adaptation? a. | a porcupine's
needles | b. | a shark's powerful jaws | c. | a frog's bright
colors | d. | a plant's poisonous chemicals | | |
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7.
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When
a jellyfish paralyzes a tiny fish with its poisonous tentacles, the fish is the a. | predator. | b. | prey. | c. | host. | d. | parasite. | | |
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8.
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A
close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species is
called a. | natural
selection. | b. | symbiosis. | c. | adaptation. | d. | competition. | | |
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9.
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When
a flea is living on a dog, the dog is the a. | parasite. | b. | host. | c. | predator. | d. | prey. | | |
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10.
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Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism are the three types of a. | symbiotic
relationships. | b. | predation. | c. | competition. | d. | prey adaptations. | | |
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11.
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A
hawk building its nest on an arm of the saguaro cactus is an example of a. | commensalism. | b. | mutualism. | c. | parasitism. | d. | predation. | | |
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12.
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The
Escherichia coli that live in your intestine and help break down food are an example of which type of
interaction? a. | competition. | b. | mutualism. | c. | parasitism. | d. | predation. | | |
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13.
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An
organism that can make its own food is called a a. | consumer. | b. | decomposer. | c. | producer. | d. | scavenger. | | |
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14.
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Vultures, which feed on the bodies of dead organisms, are a. | first-level
consumers. | b. | scavengers. | c. | producers. | d. | herbivores. | | |
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15.
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Some
bacteria that fix nitrogen live in bumps on the roots of certain plants. These bumps are
called a. | nodules. | b. | starches. | c. | legumes. | d. | droplets. | | |
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16.
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A
group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms is called a(n) a. | energy
pyramid. | b. | climate. | c. | biome. | d. | food web. | | |
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17.
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Ponds
and rivers are two types of a. | marine biomes. | b. | rain forest
biomes. | c. | freshwater biomes. | d. | estuary
biomes. | | |
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18.
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Which
biome is found where the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean? a. | estuary | b. | neritic zone | c. | surface
zone | d. | rocky intertidal
zone | | |
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19.
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The
ocean water is completely dark throughout the a. | estuary. | b. | intertidal
zone. | c. | neritic zone. | d. | deep
zone. | | |
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20.
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Plants growing on new island formed by the eruption of an undersea volcano are an
example of a. | primary
succession. | b. | secondary succession. | c. | nutrients. | d. | dispersal. | | |
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Essay
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21.
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Explain the difference between predation and parasitism.
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22.
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Define abiotic factor and give four examples.
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23.
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Classify these examples of symbiosis by type and explain your choice: 1) Inside a
human's intestine live bacteria that make vitamin K; 2) A human picks up bacteria on his or her
hands. The bacteria do not cause disease but do feed on the human's dead skin cells; 3) A tick
attaches itself to a human and feeds on the human's blood.
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24.
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Explain why decomposers are essential to life on Earth.
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25.
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Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle in the environment.
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