Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
|
1.
|
A
species is a group of similar organisms that a. | can mate with one another and produce fertile
offspring. | b. | can live together on an island. | c. | can migrate to
an island from the mainland. | d. | all have exactly the same traits. | | |
|
|
|
2.
|
The
gradual change in a species over time is called a. | mutation. | b. | evolution. | c. | migration. | d. | variation. | | |
|
|
|
3.
|
A
trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(n) a. | mutation. | b. | selection. | c. | adaptation. | d. | variation. | | |
|
|
|
4.
|
What
did Darwin infer from his observations of organisms in South America and the Galapagos
Islands? a. | The organisms on
the Galapagos Islands were virtually identical to mainland organisms. | b. | A small number
of different plant and animal species had come to the mainland from the Galapagos
Islands. | c. | The organisms on the Galapagos Islands were completely
unrelated to mainland organisms. | d. | A small number of different plant and animal species had come
to the Galapagos Islands from the mainland. | | |
|
|
|
5.
|
Which
term refers to the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more
likely to survive and reproduce? a. | natural selection | b. | overproduction | c. | competition | d. | variation | | |
|
|
|
6.
|
Which
term refers to a species creating more offspring than can possibly survive? a. | natural
selection | b. | overproduction | c. | evolution | d. | variation | | |
|
|
|
7.
|
Differences between members of the same species are called a. | predators. | b. | selections. | c. | traits. | d. | variations. | | |
|
|
|
8.
|
How
does natural selection lead to evolution? a. | Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the
species. | b. | Helpful traits accumulate among surviving members of the
species. | c. | Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the
species. | d. | Environmental changes kill weaker members of the
species. | | |
|
|
|
9.
|
What
is the role of genes in evolution? a. | Only genes can be acted on by natural
selection. | b. | Parents with recessive genes die from
overproduction. | c. | The genes of most surviving parents have only dominant
alleles. | d. | Only traits that are controlled by genes can be acted on by
natural selection. | | |
|
|
|
10.
|
Which
of these illustrates the impact of continental drift on the formation of new
species? a. | Marsupial
mammals adapt better in North America than in Australia. | b. | Most mammals in
Australia are marsupials, but few marsupials exist on other continents. | c. | Australia has
fewer marsupials than South America. | d. | Placental mammals live mainly in
Australia. | | |
|
|
|
11.
|
What
theory proposes that evolution occurs steadily in tiny changes over long periods of
time? a. | gradualism | b. | relative dating | c. | natural
selection | d. | punctuated equilibria | | |
|
|
|
12.
|
What
theory proposes that species evolve during short periods of rapid change? a. | gradualism | b. | evolution | c. | absolute
dating | d. | punctuated equilibria | | |
|
|
|
13.
|
Why
do scientists think related species have similar body structures and development
patterns? a. | The species
inherited many of the same genes from one another. | b. | The species
inherited many of the same proteins from a common ancestor. | c. | The species
inherited all of the same genes from a common ancestor. | d. | The species
inherited many of the same genes from a common ancestor. | | |
|
|
|
14.
|
An
organism that can make its own food is called a a. | consumer. | b. | decomposer. | c. | producer. | d. | scavenger. | | |
|
|
|
15.
|
Consumers that eat both plants and animals are called a. | omnivores. | b. | herbivores. | c. | carnivores. | d. | scavengers. | | |
|
|
|
16.
|
Which
of these consumers is an herbivore? a. | lion | b. | deer | c. | spider | d. | snake | | |
|
|
|
17.
|
Vultures, which feed on the bodies of dead organisms, are a. | first-level
consumers. | b. | scavengers. | c. | producers. | d. | herbivores. | | |
|
|
|
18.
|
The
first organism in a food chain is always a(n) a. | consumer. | b. | herbivore. | c. | carnivore. | d. | producer. | | |
|
|
|
19.
|
If a
kestrel eats a mouse that eats grass, the kestrel is a(n) a. | producer. | b. | second-level consumer. | c. | first-level
consumer. | d. | decomposer. | | |
|
|
|
20.
|
The
many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a(n) a. | food
web. | b. | niche. | c. | energy pyramid. | d. | feeding
level. | | |
|
|
|
21.
|
In an
energy pyramid, which level has the most available energy? a. | producer
level | b. | first-level consumer level | c. | second-level
consumer level | d. | third-level consumer level | | |
|
|
|
22.
|
A
group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms is called a(n) a. | energy
pyramid. | b. | climate. | c. | biome. | d. | food web. | | |
|
|
|
23.
|
Which
land biome receives less than 25 centimeters of rain per year? a. | desert | b. | grassland | c. | temperate rain
forest | d. | tropical rain forest | | |
|
|
|
24.
|
Which
land biome is extremely cold and dry? a. | desert | b. | tundra | c. | grassland | d. | mountains | | |
|
|
|
25.
|
Ponds
and rivers are two types of a. | marine biomes. | b. | rain forest
biomes. | c. | freshwater biomes. | d. | estuary
biomes. | | |
|
|
|
26.
|
Which
biome is found where the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean? a. | estuary | b. | neritic zone | c. | surface
zone | d. | rocky intertidal
zone | | |
|
Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
|
|
|
27.
|
Organisms can mate and produce fertile offspring only within their own
____________________.
|
|
|
28.
|
An
inherited characteristic that improves the chance for an organism to survive and reproduce is a(n)
____________________.
|
|
|
29.
|
In
the process of ____________________, the organisms that are best suited to their environments are
most likely to survive.
|
|
|
30.
|
Natural selection is affected by ____________________, or traits that are different in
members of the same species.
|
|
|
31.
|
The
only traits that can be acted upon by natural selection are those that are controlled by
____________________.
|
|
|
32.
|
The
theory of ____________________ states that species evolve quickly over a short time.
|
|
|
33.
|
Similarities in the early development of turtles and rats suggest that these animals
share a common ____________________.
|
|
|
34.
|
The
energy role of a grizzly bear is that of a(n) ____________________ because it cannot make its own
food.
|
|
|
35.
|
A
diagram called a(n) ____________________ shows how much energy is available at each level of a food
web.
|