Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics? a. | traits | b. | offspring | c. | generations | d. | hybrids | | |
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2.
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What
did Gregor Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetics experiments? a. | He studied only
asexual animals. | b. | He studied only self-pollinating
plants. | c. | He cross-pollinated plants. | d. | He
cross-pollinated animals. | | |
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3.
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Factors that control traits are called a. | genes. | b. | purebreds. | c. | recessives. | d. | parents. | | |
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4.
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The
different forms of a gene are called a. | alleles. | b. | factors | c. | masks. | d. | traits. | | |
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5.
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Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
a a. | heterozygous. | b. | trait. | c. | purebred. | d. | factor. | | |
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6.
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What
does the notation TT mean to geneticists? a. | two dominant alleles | b. | two recessive
alleles | c. | at least one dominant allele | d. | one dominant and
one recessive allelle | | |
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7.
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What
does the notation tt mean to geneticists? a. | two dominant alleles | b. | two recessive
alleles | c. | at least one dominant allele | d. | one dominant and
one recessive allelle | | |
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8.
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What
does the notation Tt mean to geneticists? a. | two dominant alleles | b. | two recessive
alleles | c. | at least one recessive allele | d. | one dominant
allele and one recessive allelle | | |
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9.
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What
did Mendel predict was the probability of producing a tall plant from a genetic cross of two hybrid
tall plants? (Hint: Draw a Punnett Square to answer.) a. | one in
four | b. | two in
four | c. | three in
four | d. | four in
four | | |
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10.
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If a
homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb),
what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur? a. | 25
percent | b. | 50 percent | c. | 75
percent | d. | 100 percent | | |
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11.
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An
organism's physical appearance is its a. | genotype | b. | phenotype | c. | codominance | d. | heterozygous | | |
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12.
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An
organism's genotype is its a. | genetic makeup | b. | feather
color | c. | physical appearance | d. | stem
height | | |
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13.
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An
organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is a. | codominant. | b. | tall. | c. | homozygous. | d. | heterozygous. | | |
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14.
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A
heterozygous organism has a. | three different alleles for a trait. | b. | two identical
alleles for a trait. | c. | only one allele for a trait. | d. | two different
alleles for a trait. | | |
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15.
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When
sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute a. | one fourth of
the normal number of chromosomes. | b. | half the normal number of
chromosomes. | c. | the normal number of chromosomes. | d. | twice the normal
number of chromosomes. | | |
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16.
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What
is the genetic code? a. | the order of nitrogen bases along a
gene | b. | the number of
nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule | c. | the order of amino acids in a protein | d. | the number of
guanine and cytosine bases in a chromosome | | |
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17.
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Where
does protein synthesis take place? a. | in the ribosomes in the nucleus of the
cell | b. | on the ribosomes
in the cytoplasm of the cell | c. | in the mitochondria in the nucleus of the
cell | d. | on the lysosomes
in the cytoplasm of the cell | | |
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18.
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What
does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis? a. | copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the
cytoplasm | b. | copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the
nucleus | c. | carries amino acids and adds them to the growing
protein | d. | copies the coded message from the protein and carries it into
the nucleus | | |
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19.
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What
do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis? a. | copy the coded
message from the protein and carry it into the nucleus | b. | copy the coded
message from the DNA and carry it into the nucleus | c. | carry amino
acids and add them to the growing protein | d. | copy the coded message from the DNA and carry it into the
cytoplasm | | |
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20.
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Which
nitrogen base in RNA is NOT part of DNA? a. | adenine | b. | guanine | c. | cytosine | d. | uracil | | |
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21.
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Which
combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being? a. | XX | b. | YY | c. | XY | d. | either XX or YY | | |
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22.
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Genetic disorders are caused by a. | pedigrees. | b. | mutations. | c. | karyotypes. | d. | sickle-shaped
cells. | | |
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23.
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What
genetic disorder results in abnormally shaped blood cells? a. | hemophilia | b. | Down syndrome | c. | cystic
fibrosis | d. | sickle-cell disease | | |
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24.
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Which
genetic disorder causes the body to produce unusually thick mucus in the lungs and
intestines? a. | hemophilia | b. | Down syndrome | c. | cystic
fibrosis | d. | sickle-cell disease | | |
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25.
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No
two people have the same DNA, except for a. | crime suspects. | b. | brothers. | c. | sisters. | d. | identical
twins. | | |
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