Name: 
 

Chapter 2 test



Modified True/False
Bubble in "A" for true and "B" for false.
 

1. 

Water helps keep the temperature of cells from changing rapidly.

 

2. 

An organic compound contains carbon.

 

3. 

In passive transport, materials move from a higher to a lower concentration through a cell membrane.

 

4. 

Plants use energy from the sun to produce carbon dioxide and sugars.

 

5. 

A heterotroph is an organism that cannot make its own food.

 

6. 

Photosynthesis and respiration form a cycle that keeps the levels of water and carbon dioxide fairly constant in the atmosphere.

 

7. 

Photosynthesis and respiration are two processes which are the opposites of each other.

 

8. 

When muscle cells run low on oxygen, lactic-acid fermentation takes place.

 

9. 

A cell makes a copy of its DNA during the stage of the cell cycle called mitosis.

 

10. 

In a DNA molecule, guanine always pairs with thymine.

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

11. 

All organic compounds contain the element
a.
water.
b.
oxygen.
c.
carbon.
d.
nitrogen.
 

12. 

Which term refers to proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living things?
a.
carbohydrate
b.
enzyme
c.
amino acid
d.
nucleic acid
 

13. 

DNA and RNA are
a.
lipids.
b.
enzymes.
c.
amino acids.
d.
nucleic acids.
 

14. 

Why is water important for a cell?
a.
Water is the main ingredient in DNA.
b.
All proteins require water to function.
c.
Most chemical reactions in cells require water.
d.
Water is an essential organic compound for the body.
 

15. 

The water in a cell
a.
allows the temperature of the cell to change rapidly.
b.
keeps substances from moving in and out of cells.
c.
helps the cell keep its size and shape.
d.
prevents chemical reactions from taking place.
 

16. 

Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
a.
collision
b.
diffusion
c.
active transport
d.
concentration
 

17. 

Which term refers to the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?
a.
osmosis
b.
engulfing
c.
active transport
d.
passive transport
 

18. 

Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy?
a.
concentration
b.
collision
c.
active transport
d.
passive transport
 

19. 

Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane when energy is required?
a.
osmosis
b.
diffusion
c.
active transport
d.
passive transport
 

20. 

One reason that cells are small is because they
a.
lack food.
b.
contain water.
c.
use energy.
d.
must remove wastes.
 

21. 

What are the products of photosynthesis?
a.
carbon dioxide and water
b.
oxygen and water
c.
carbon dioxide and sugars
d.
oxygen and sugars
 

22. 

What captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis?
a.
solar cells
b.
stomata
c.
chlorophyll
d.
carbohydrates
 

23. 

What happens during photosynthesis?
a.
The cell uses oxygen to make food.
b.
The cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food.
c.
The cell uses glucose to make oxygen.
d.
The cell uses the energy in sunlight to make carbon dioxide.
 

24. 

What product of photosynthesis do most living things need to survive?
a.
water
b.
oxygen
c.
chlorophyll
d.
carbon dioxide
 

25. 

How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?
a.
It adds carbon dioxide to the air.
b.
It creates food that they can eat.
c.
It eliminates harmful sugars.
d.
It creates clean water.
 

26. 

What happens during respiration?
a.
Oxygen is released into the air.
b.
Glucose is broken down, releasing energy.
c.
Carbohydrates are released into the bloodstream.
d.
Water and carbon dioxide are converted into energy.
 

27. 

The stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the
a.
nucleus.
b.
chloroplast.
c.
cytoplasm.
d.
mitochondria.
 

28. 

Respiration in most cells requires
a.
water.
b.
oxygen.
c.
chlorophyll.
d.
carbon dioxide.
 

29. 

How are photosynthesis and respiration related?
a.
They have opposite equations.
b.
They have the same equation.
c.
They both produce carbon dioxide.
d.
They both produce oxygen.
 

30. 

Respiration and photosynthesis keep the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere
a.
fairly constant.
b.
constantly changing.
c.
constantly increasing.
d.
constantly decreasing.
 

31. 

Which term refers to the production of energy by a cell without using oxygen?
a.
photosynthesis
b.
respiration
c.
fertilization
d.
fermentation
 

32. 

Which of these choices causes a form of alcoholic fermentation?
a.
carbon dioxide
b.
lactic acid
c.
bread
d.
yeast
 

33. 

What causes lactic-acid fermentation?
a.
too little oxygen in muscle cells
b.
too much oxygen in muscle cells
c.
too little sugar in muscle cells
d.
too much sugar in muscle cells
 

34. 

Mitosis is the stage during which
a.
the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei.
b.
the cell's DNA is replicated.
c.
the cell divides into two new cells.
d.
the cell's cytoplasm divides.
 

35. 

What are chromatids?
a.
identical strands of chromosomes
b.
identical daughter cells
c.
doubled rods of condensed chromatin.
d.
pigments that absorb the energy in sunlight
 

36. 

What forms around the chromatids during mitosis?
a.
two new chromosomes
b.
two new nuclei
c.
two new cells
d.
two new DNA molecules
 

37. 

What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
a.
A new round of mitosis begins.
b.
Two new daughter cells are formed.
c.
Each organelle divides into two parts.
d.
A cell plate forms in the middle of the cell.
 

38. 

Each rung of the DNA ladder is made of
a.
a single nitrogen base.
b.
a pair of nitrogen bases.
c.
three nitrogen bases.
d.
four nitrogen bases.
 

39. 

During DNA replication, adenine (A) always pairs with
a.
guanine (G).
b.
cytosine (C).
c.
thymine (T).
d.
adenine (A).
 

40. 

What did the pantyhose represent in the cells and pantyhose lab?
a.
nucleus
c.
cell membrane
b.
cytoplasm
d.
nuclear membrane
 



 
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